Rich-defect carbon nanotubes for highly sensitive detection of Dopamine

Dopamine (DA) plays an essential role in the central nervous, renal, hormonal and cardiovascular systems. Various modified carbon nanotubes (CNT)-based dopamine sensors have been reported, but inexpensive, highly sensitive plain CNT-based ones are seldom studied. In this work, a facile and inexpensive CNT-based DA sensor is made by rich-defect multi-walled carbon nanotubes (RD-CNT) via an ultrasound method. The defect and elemental states of the RD-CNT are systematically studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray-photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results show that massive holes and cracks exist in RD-CNT. The level of defects increases from the additional exposed edges. The electrochemical characterizations indicate that the electrochemical sensor has the highest sensitivity of 438.4 μA/(μM ⋅ cm²) among all carbon materials-based DA sensors while well meeting the clinically required detection range and selectivity. The DA sensor was further used to detect live healthy human serum and live PC12 cells with satisfactory results, thus holding great promise for an inexpensive but sensitive DA sensor in practical applications of clinical diagnosis and biological research.     

Cu/Cu_2O nanoparticles co-regulated carbon catalyst for alkaline Al-air batteries

Developing high-efficiency,inexpensive,and steady non-precious metal oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) catalysts to displace Pt-based catalysts is significant for commercial applications of Al-air battery.Here,we have prepared the Cu/Cu_2 O-NC catalyst with excellent ORR performance and high stability,due to the synergistic effect of Cu and Cu_2 O nanoparticles.The half-wave potential(0.8 V) and the limiting-current density(5.20 mA/cm~2) of the Cu/Cu_2 O-NC are very close to those of the 20% Pt/C catalyst(0.82 V,5.10 mA/cm~2).Besides,it exhibits excellent performance with a maximal power density of 250 mW/cm~2 and a stable continuous discharge for more than 90 h in the Al-air battery test The promoting effects of Cu_2 O towards Cu-based ORR catalysts are illustrated as follows:(ⅰ) Cu_2 O is the major ORR active site by the redox of Cu(Ⅱ)/Cu(Ⅰ),which provides excellent ORR activities;(ⅱ) Cu can stabilize the location of Cu_2 O by assisting the electron transfer to Cu(Ⅱ)/Cu(Ⅰ) redox,which is conducive to the high stability of the catalyst.This work provides a useful strategy for enhancing the ORR performance of Cu-based catalysts.     

Conserved quantities and adiabatic invariants of fractional Birkhoffian system of Herglotz type

In order to further study the dynamical behavior of nonconservative systems,we study the conserved quantities and the adiabatic invariants of fractional Brikhoffian systems with four kinds of different fractional derivatives based on Herglotz differential variational principle.Firstly,the conserved quantities of Herglotz type for the fractional Brikhoffian systems based on Riemann-Liouville derivatives and their existence conditions are established by using the fractional Pfaff-Birkhoff-d Alembert principle of Herglotz type.Secondly,the effects of small perturbations on fractional Birkhoffian systems are studied,the conditions for the existence of adiabatic invariants for the Birkhoffian systems of Herglotz type based on Riemann-Liouville derivatives are established,and the adiabatic invariants of Herglotz type are obtained.Thirdly,the conserved quantities and adiabatic invariants for the fractional Birkhoffian systems of Herglotz type under other three kinds of fractional derivatives are established,namely Caputo derivative,Riesz-Riemann-Liouville derivative and Riesz-Caputo derivative.Finally,an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.     

中空纤维膜液相微萃取-GC-MS测定水果和蔬菜中三唑类杀菌剂残留量

研究了一种直接快速测定水果和蔬菜等固体样品中5种三唑类杀菌剂残留量的新方法,以气相色谱-质谱联用技术为基础,利用中空纤维膜液相微萃取提取固体样品中目标物。通过实验确定最佳萃取条件为：萃取剂为环己烷,固体样品与水的比例为1：3（总质量为10g）,超声震荡5min后以500r/min的搅拌速率在40℃下萃取20min。萃取后取1μL有机溶剂直接进样进行气相色谱质谱分离检测。在此条件下,水果和蔬菜中的三唑酮和多效唑的线性范围为0.5—25mg/kg,腈菌唑、烯唑醇和丙环唑的线性范围为1—25mg/kg;5种目标物的检出限均低于0.210mg/kg;相对标准偏差在4.7%—8.1%之间。该方法可以用于水果和蔬菜等固体样品中三唑类杀菌剂的快速测定。     

南北五味子镇静催眠活性部位共有成分的分析

对南北五味子药材进行系统化学部位分离,用镇静催眠药理实验探讨各化学部位的活性作用;同时采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾飞行时间质谱HPLC-DAD-ESI-TOF/MS联用技术分析两种五味子镇静催眠活性部位的组成成分,本方法可对7个联苯环辛烯类成分进行定量分析,并对异构体进行了分离鉴定.结果显示,它们的活性部位分别由约20个联苯环辛烯类化合物组成,这类化合物在活性部位含量均大于80%,检测到10个共有成分,但是成分组成完全不同.对南北五味子各3个产地9批的活性部位进行了检测,均验证了活性部位中联苯环辛烯类总量相近而共有成分组成完全不同的结果.     

相对论性力学系统的Birkhoff对称性与守恒量

提出了相对论性力学系统的一种新的对称性,并给出了此对称性导致的守恒量.提出了相对论性力学系统的Birkhoff对称性,即对应于相对论性力学系统的一组Birkhoff动力学函数的运动微分方程的解都满足从另一组Birkhoff动力学函数得到的运动微分方程.证明了与两组Birkhoff动力学函数分别给出的相对论性Birkhoff方程相关联的系数矩阵的各次幂的迹是系统的一个守恒量,从而将Currie和Saletan提出的力学系统的等效Lagrange函数定理拓展到了相对论性Birkhoff动力学系统.给出了两个例子以说明结果的正确性.     

Fractional differential equations of motion in terms of combined Riemann—Liouville derivatives

In this paper,we focus on studying the fractional variational principle and the differential equations of motion for a fractional mechanical system.A combined Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative operator is defined,and a fractional Hamilton principle under this definition is established.The fractional Lagrange equations and the fractional Hamilton canonical equations are derived from the fractional Hamilton principle.A number of special cases are given,showing the universality of our conclusions.At the end of the paper,an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.